Cannabigerol (CBG) is an important component of the cannabis plant and serves as a precursor for other cannabinoids, highlighting its central role in plant development and medical research. In Germany, CBG is generally legal as long as it originates from EU-certified hemp varieties and the THC content is below 0.3%. CBG products may only be sold in Germany for non-medicinal purposes.
As a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, CBG offers you the benefits of the cannabis plant without the intoxicating effects. CBG is available in various forms such as oils, capsules, and flowers. Demand for CBG products is increasing in Germany, but its medical applications are still in their early stages. When purchasing CBG products, you should pay attention to origin, purity, and certificates of analysis to ensure quality.
CBG and CBD are both being researched for their therapeutic potential, although CBG is less well-known than CBD. Current research on CBG is still limited, and further studies are needed to assess its precise effects, optimal dosage, and long-term bioavailability. CBG is considered a versatile all-rounder, as it can have a wide range of positive effects on both body and mind in various applications.
How CBG works in the body – Understanding the endocannabinoid system
CBG interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors that regulates functions such as sleep, mood, pain perception, and immune response. However, in most cannabis plants, CBG is present only in very low concentrations, typically less than 1%. To obtain the maximum concentration of CBG, it is often extracted from young cannabis plants before it converts into other cannabinoids. Unlike THC, cannabigerol binds only weakly to CB1 and CB2 receptors and primarily acts as a modulator, gently influencing bodily processes. (Source: PMC11597810, Review of the Mechanisms of Action of Cannabigerol)
As a partial agonist, CBG does not fully activate the receptors, but rather fine-tunes their activity. Of particular interest: CBG inhibits the breakdown of anandamide by the FAAH enzyme, allowing this endogenous cannabinoid to remain active for a longer period. Additionally, CBG interacts with TRPV1 receptors (important for pain perception) and PPARγ receptors (relevant for inflammatory processes). CBD and CBG differ in their mechanisms of action: While cannabidiol (CBD) is primarily known for its anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties, CBG is particularly associated with a supportive effect in cases of inflammation, pain, and neurodegenerative diseases. Both substances are non-psychoactive and can have a synergistic effect when combined.
The parent cannabinoid – as CBG is often called, since it is the precursor to other cannabinoids such as CBD, THC, and CBC – thus exhibits a broad spectrum of effects, which is increasingly becoming the focus of research. CBD and CBG, as well as CBD and THC, are both derived from CBG, with these cannabinoids originating from the same precursor and each possessing different medical potentials and applications.
CBG receptor binding in detail
CB1 receptors are located predominantly in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are mainly found in the immune system and peripheral tissues. CBG binds to both receptor types, but with a lower affinity than THC.
This gentle activation explains why CBG does not trigger strong psychoactive effects. Compared to other cannabinoids, cannabigerol exhibits a balancing effect: it can even weaken the psychoactive properties of THC when both substances are consumed simultaneously.
The binding affinity of CBG differs significantly from that of THC and CBD. While THC binds strongly to CB1 receptors and produces its intoxicating effects, and CBD hardly binds directly to any receptors, CBG occupies an intermediate position – with its own distinct effect profile and promising potential for various applications. Initial scientific evidence suggests that, due to this unique receptor binding, CBG could exert different effects than THC and CBD.
CBG's effects on the psyche – mood and mental balance
CBG has remarkable effects on the psyche by specifically targeting receptors that regulate mood and mental clarity. A clinical study showed that as little as 20 mg of CBG can significantly reduce stress and anxiety – without impairing cognitive function.
The psychological effects of CBG are based on its interaction with the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor, which plays a key role in mood regulation. There is scientific evidence from studies and observations suggesting potential psychological benefits of CBG, although further research is needed to definitively confirm these effects. Through this binding, CBG can exert a calming and balancing effect, which many users describe as pleasantly focusing.
Additionally, CBG influences alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which are relevant for concentration and attention. The result: improved mental clarity without the drowsiness often associated with other sedatives. Interestingly, research has even shown an improvement in verbal memory under the influence of CBG.
CBG for stress and inner restlessness
CBG's stress-reducing mechanisms work on multiple levels. By modulating the endocannabinoid system, cannabigerol helps the body return to a more balanced state. Many users share positive experiences with CBG, particularly regarding stress, sleep problems, and mental health. People report emotional stability and a sense of inner peace.
Studies suggest that CBG may have a supportive effect on anxiety. Its anxiolytic properties likely arise from its interaction with serotonin receptors, without causing sedation or cognitive impairment. Scientific studies have shown that subjects experienced significantly less anxiety one hour after CBG administration – with unchanged motor function. Furthermore, CBG may help with sleep problems and contribute to mood support.
Physical effects of CBG – From inflammation to pain
The physical effects of CBG extend across several areas: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Cannabis plants play a central role in the extraction and production of CBG products, as CBG is formed as a precursor molecule in the plants' metabolism. These diverse properties make cannabigerol an exciting subject of research in modern medicine.
Anti-inflammatory properties are among the best-documented effects of CBG. Studies show that CBG significantly reduces inflammation in the gut and may show potential in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Furthermore, CBG potentially possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects that are relevant for various therapeutic applications. This effect is achieved through modulation of the immune response via the endocannabinoid system.
The pain-relieving effects of CBG are primarily mediated via TRPV1 receptors. These vanilloid receptors play a central role in pain perception in the body. CBG can exert a regulatory influence here and thus contribute to the relief of various forms of pain. Additionally, CBG acts as a GABA reuptake inhibitor, which can help alleviate muscle tension.
CBG shows impressive antibacterial results: In studies, it proved potent against antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). This discovery makes CBG a potential tool in the fight against antibiotic resistance. CBG can also help with skin problems such as acne, eczema, and dry, flaky skin by regulating sebum production. Furthermore, there is evidence that CBG can alleviate nausea and loss of appetite. CBG may also have a supportive effect on eye conditions such as glaucoma, as it can lower intraocular pressure.
The antioxidant properties combat oxidative stress caused by free radicals – a process associated with cell aging and various diseases. The use of CBG is increasing in medical practice, as it is used to treat various physical and mental ailments.
CBG's effects on specific conditions
In cases of chronic pain and arthritis, CBG could have a supportive effect due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The combination of both mechanisms addresses both the cause and the symptom.
Skin problems benefit from CBG's triple approach: The antibacterial effect fights germs, the anti-inflammatory properties soothe irritated skin, and the regulation of sebum production can help with acne and psoriasis.
Neuroprotective properties protect nerve cells from degeneration. Preclinical research suggests that CBG could have potential in treating diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's – however, comprehensive clinical trials in humans are still lacking.
The appetite-stimulating effect of CBG differs fundamentally from that of THC: it stimulates hunger without psychoactive side effects. This makes CBG interesting for people with chemotherapy-induced weight loss or cachexia.
CBG's effect on sleep – rest without drowsiness
CBG promotes restful sleep by inducing relaxation without leaving you groggy the next morning. Unlike traditional sleep aids, cannabigerol works naturally via the endocannabinoid system.
Its relaxing properties help you unwind without feeling artificially sedated. The stress reduction and emotional balance that CBG provides during the day translate into improved sleep quality at night.
Unlike other sleep aids, CBG does not impair cognitive function and does not lead to habituation. Using it before bedtime – about 30 to 60 minutes beforehand – can shorten the time it takes to fall asleep and improve sleep depth.
Many users combine CBG with CBN (cannabinol), which also has calming properties. This combination utilizes the entourage effect for enhanced sleep-promoting effects.
Does CBG get you high? – Psychoactive effects explained
No, CBG doesn't get you high. Cannabigerol is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that produces no intoxicating effects. You can consume CBG products and remain completely clear-headed and functional.
The crucial difference to THC lies in receptor binding: While THC binds strongly to CB1 receptors in the brain, thereby triggering the typical high, CBG interacts only weakly with these receptors. This binding is insufficient to produce psychoactive effects.
Instead of producing a high, CBG has a balancing effect on body and mind. The effects are described as focusing, calming, and clarifying – the opposite of a "high." Mental clarity is maintained while relaxation sets in.
Interestingly, when THC and CBG are consumed simultaneously, cannabigerol can even act as a THC antagonist, weakening the psychoactive effects. This property makes CBG attractive to people who want to use cannabis products without experiencing a strong high.
CBG effects in various dosage forms
The effects of CBG vary significantly depending on the route of administration – both in terms of onset and duration of action. Whether cannabigerol is administered orally, by inhalation, or topically, the route of absorption, bioavailability, and duration of action all change.
CBG oil is predominantly administered sublingually. Cannabigerol is absorbed relatively quickly into the bloodstream via the oral mucosa, resulting in an earlier onset of action compared to traditional oral administration. Simultaneously, first-pass metabolism in the liver is partially bypassed, which influences systemic bioavailability.
Inhaling CBG flowers results in the fastest onset of effects, as cannabigerol is absorbed directly through the lungs. This method is characterized by high bioavailability and a rapid effect, although the duration of action is shorter compared to other forms of administration.
CBG capsules pass through the digestive tract and are absorbed slowly. The onset of action is delayed, but the effect typically lasts longer. This form of administration allows for a consistent and easily controllable supply.
Topical CBG products, such as creams or ointments, act locally on the skin. The focus here is not on systemic effects, but rather on targeted application to limited areas of the body. Differences in absorption rate and efficacy profile between these dosage forms have been described in pharmacokinetic research (Source: Frontiers Mini-Review, 2025).
CBG effects when smoking vs. oil
When CBG flowers are smoked or vaporized, the effects kick in within minutes but only last 2 to 3 hours. CBG oil takes 15 to 45 minutes to take effect, but the effects last 4 to 6 hours.
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Consumption style
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Onset of effect
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Duration of effect
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Bioavailability
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inhalation
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1-5 minutes
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2-3 hours
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High
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Sublingual (oil)
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15-45 minutes
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4-6 hours
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Medium-high
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Oral (capsules)
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30-90 minutes
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6-8 hours
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Medium
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Topical
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Local, variable
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Variable
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Local only
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The dosage varies depending on the form: small amounts are effective when inhaled, while higher doses may be necessary for capsules due to lower bioavailability.
Enhance the effects of CBG – The entourage effect
The entourage effect describes the synergistic effect when different cannabinoids and terpenes are consumed together. CBG often produces stronger effects in combination with other compounds of the cannabis plant than when consumed in isolation.
The combination of CBG and CBD is particularly popular. Both cannabinoids complement each other: CBD enhances the calming properties, while CBG contributes focusing aspects. Together, they address a broader range of receptors and processes.
Full-spectrum products contain the entire spectrum of the cannabis plant – in addition to CBG, also CBD, small amounts of CBN, CBC (cannabichromene), and other phytocannabinoids. These often show better results in research than isolates.
Terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, and linalool also contribute to the effects. These aromatic compounds of the cannabis plant also interact with receptors in the body and can improve the absorption of cannabinoids.
Side effects and safety of CBG effects
CBG has a favorable safety profile. In clinical trials, participants reported no significant side effects, and motor and cognitive functions remained unaffected.
Rare and mild side effects may occur:
Drug interactions are possible because CBG acts via the endocannabinoid system and can affect liver enzymes. If you regularly take medication—especially for immune or neurological conditions—you should consult your doctor before using CBG.
The correct dosage minimizes the risk of side effects. Start with low doses and increase slowly until you find your optimal amount.
Optimizing CBG effectiveness – dosage and timing
Finding the right dosage for each individual is crucial for optimal CBG effectiveness. People react differently to cannabinoids – factors such as body weight, metabolism, and desired effect all play a role.
Best times to take the medication depending on the desired effect:
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Mornings: For focus and concentration
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Afternoon: In times of stress and tension
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Evening: For relaxation and sleep preparation
Starting dose for beginners: Begin with 5 to 10 mg of CBG daily. Observe the effects for 3 to 5 days. Then increase in 5 mg increments until you achieve the desired effect. Many users find their optimal dose between 10 and 50 mg daily.
Maximum daily doses have not been clearly defined in studies, but doses up to 300 mg are considered safe for short-term use. For everyday life, however, moderate amounts between 20 and 50 mg are sufficient for most people.
FAQ on the effects of CBG
How quickly does CBG work? The speed of action depends on the method of administration. With inhalation, you'll feel effects after 1 to 5 minutes, with sublingual CBG oil after 15 to 45 minutes, and with capsules after 30 to 90 minutes.
How long does the effect of CBG last? Inhaled CBG lasts 2 to 3 hours, sublingual oil 4 to 6 hours, capsules 6 to 8 hours. Individual factors such as metabolism influence the duration.
Can CBG be addictive? No, CBG shows no addictive potential. Unlike THC, it does not activate reward pathways in the brain that could lead to addiction.
Is the effect of CBG the same for everyone? No, the effect varies from person to person. Body weight, metabolism, sensitivity of the endocannabinoid system, and the dose used all influence the result.
What CBG dosage is most effective? The optimal dose varies from person to person. Studies have shown significant effects on stress and anxiety at 20 mg. Start with a low dose (5-10 mg) and increase gradually.
Can CBG's effects diminish? Tolerance to CBG develops less rapidly than to THC. However, taking regular breaks can maintain sensitivity.
Does the effect of CBG increase over time? Some users report cumulative effects with regular use. The endocannabinoid system can regulate itself over time, which may lead to more stable effects.
